] o c n m p [Open Communications in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics |
Edited by Marianna Euler, Norbert Euler and Giuseppe Gaeta [This issue is not complete: submissions are welcome until September 1st, 2024]
In this paper we systematically consider various ways of generating integrable and separable Hamiltonian systems in canonical and in non-canonical representations from algebraic curves on the plane. In particular, we consider Stäckel transform between two pairs of Stäckel systems, generated by 2n-parameter algebraic curves on the plane, as well as Miura maps between Stäckel systems generated by (n+N)-parameter algebraic curves, leading to multi-Hamiltonian representation of these systems.
We present a construction of a class of rational solutions of the Painlevé V equation that exhibit a two-fold degeneracy, meaning that there exist two distinct solutions that share identical parameters. The fundamental object of our study is the orbit of translation operators of $A^{(1)}_{3}$ affine Weyl group acting on the underlying seed solution that only allows action of some symmetry operations. By linking points on this orbit to rational solutions, we establish conditions for such degeneracy to occur after involving in the construction additional Bäcklund transformations that are inexpressible as translation operators. This approach enables us to derive explicit expressions for these degenerate solutions. An advantage of this formalism is that it easily allows generalization to higher Painlevé systems associated with dressing chains of even period $N>4$.
We study the link between the degree growth of integrable birational mappings of order higher than two and their singularity structures. The higher order mappings we use in this study are all obtained by coupling mappings that are integrable through spectral methods, typically belonging to the QRT family, to a variety of linearisable ones. We show that by judiciously choosing these linearisable mappings, it is possible to obtain higher order mappings that exhibit the maximal degree growth compatible with integrability, i.e. for which the degree grows as a polynomial of order equal to the order of the mapping. In all the cases we analysed, we found that maximal degree growth was associated with the existence of an unconfining singularity pattern. Several cases with submaximal growth but which still possess unconfining singularity patterns are also presented. In many cases the exact degrees of the iterates of the mappings were obtained by applying a method due to Halburd, based on the preimages of specific values that appear in the singularity patterns of the mapping, but we also present some examples where such a calculation appears to be impossible.
The construction of Integrable Hierarchies in terms of zero curvature representation provides a systematic construction for a series of integrable non-linear evolution equations (flows) which shares a common affine Lie algebraic structure. The integrable hierarchies are then classified in terms of a decomposition of the underlying affine Lie algebra $\hat {\cal{G}} $ into graded subspaces defined by a grading operator $Q$. In this paper we shall discuss explicitly the simplest case of the affine $\hat {sl}(2)$ Kac-Moody algebra within the principal gradation given rise to the KdV and mKdV hierarchies and extend to supersymmetric models. It is known that the positive mKdV sub-hierachy is associated to some positive odd graded abelian subalgebra with elements denoted by $E^{(2n+1)}$. Each of these elements in turn, defines a time evolution equation according to time $t=t_{2n+1}$. An interesting observation is that for negative grades, the zero curvature representation allows both, even or odd sub-hierarchies. In both cases, the flows are non-local leading to integro-differential equations. Whilst positive and negative odd sub-hierarchies admit zero vacuum solutions, the negative even admits strictly non-zero vacuum solutions. Soliton solutions can be constructed by gauge transforming the zero curvature from the vacuum into a non trivial configuration (dressing method). Inspired by the dressing transformation method, we have constructed a gauge-Miura transformation mapping […]